The world continues to become more dependent on digital technology each day but a nearly 600-year- old technology is coming back into vogue. Printed books are getting a second look as an alternative to computers and tablets, particularly in classroom settings.
"There's clear scientific evidence that digital tools impair rather than enhance student learning. We believe the focus should return to acquiring knowledge through printed textbooks and teacher expertise, rather than acquiring knowledge primarily from freely available digital sources that have not been vetted for accuracy."
How could this be? If the words and images are identical, how could reading from a printed book result in a different learning outcome than reading from a digital device? The answer seems to lie in a combination of factors influencing brain function.
1 – Comprehension and Retention
Research suggests that it is easier to read from a printed book than from a digital screen. Thus, when reading from a printed book, we can focus more deeply in an almost meditative way. This depth of experience allows us to process information more effectively.
Incidentally, the pattern holds true whether comparing a book to a computer or a book to a handheld device. The phenomenon is so common there is even a name for it: The Screen Inferiority Effect.
2 – Concentration and Immersion
Reading from a printed page provides spatial and tactile cues that help the reader process the words, allowing for better concentration and understanding. One study showed that 92% of those surveyed found it easier to concentrate when reading print.
3 – Reduced Overconfidence
Reading from a digital device seems to create a form of overconfidence in the reader. Digital text is read more quickly than printed text, which creates the assumption that the reader understands the information. However, the speed results in shallower processing and missed details, particularly for more complex subjects.
4 – Multitasking and Distractions
Students are more likely to multitask when reading on screens, which inhibits learning. Reading from a printed book, on the other hand, reduces distractions and promotes focused engagement. As one example of focused engagement, readers of the printed page often write notes in the margin as they go.
5 – Brain Activation
Brain scans show that reading from a printed book activates areas of the brain associated with emotions and spatial cues. The medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and parietal cortex are more effectively activated when reading a printed page than when reading a digital device.
The research on this topic is deep and compelling. Reading a printed book is likely to result in higher reading comprehension, longer retention and greater sensory involvement than reading from a screen. While digital devices are definitely here to stay, books are still best in an educational setting.